Friday 10 August 2012

Petrol or Diesel Car?


Petrol or diesel?

With the rise in petrol prices there is a mad scramble to replace petrol cars with diesel options. Even the manufacturers have jumped into this game to launch new diesel versions of successful models to ramp up sluggish sales.



Choosing between petrol and a diesel car is quite difficult. Petrol models are cheaper to buy. However knowing which is going to cost you more in the long run is a bit more difficult.

This is because the overall running costs of petrol and diesel cars are affected by so many factors, including fuel prices, servicing bills and mileage.

Click here for a simple calculator that can help you to decide.


The calculator takes initial purchase price, interest on loan, fuel costs and mileage into account. It should give you an idea of how many years’ driving it will take to make buying a diesel the better cost-effective choice - if indeed the diesel will ever be cheaper.

The 'diesel payback' period could take much longer than you would think - especially for lower mileage users.

While routine maintenance costs are similar for petrol and diesel, it is potentially more expensive to repair a diesel car if anything serious goes wrong.

With manufacturers asking a premium for diesel models, and the development of super-economical petrol engines, is diesel still the answer to cheaper motoring?

Tuesday 31 July 2012

Due date for filing returns extended


Relax! The 'due date' of filing of returns of income for the Assessment Year 2012-13 has been extended to 31st August.


On consideration of the reports of disturbance of general life caused due to failure of power and further in consideration of the fact that the e-filing of returns for a specified category of individuals and HUF has been made mandatory, the Central Board of Direct Taxes, in exercise of powers conferred under section 119 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, has extended the 'due date' of filing of returns of income for the Assessment Year 2012-13 to 31st August 2012 in respect of assessees who are liable to file such returns by 31st July 2012 as per provisions of section 139 of Income Tax Act, 1961.






Saturday 28 July 2012

Mutual fund ratings


Star ratings of mutual fund schemes can be misleading!

Most of the information that a normal investor relies on before investing in mutual fund schemes comes from self-styled industry experts, the pink papers and mutual fund houses that share perspectives and assumptions and in some cases monetary incentives.

Fund Houses, Advisors, Wealth Managers and Brokers aggressively market funds awarded 5-stars by rating agencies like Value Research, Morningstar and Lipper.

Unfortunately investors respond to industry hype and buy heavily into the 5-star funds. The advisors as well as mutual fund houses showcase and hard-sell 5-star schemes and induce buying and selling that reduces overall investor returns.



Now the obvious question, can past performance be predictive?

Most of the star ratings are based on past performance, average AUM (Assets Under Management), portfolio concentration, corpus size, portfolio turnover, subjective analysis, hunches and opinions. Well, some of them are based on outright biases.

Very few ratings are simple, objective, and independent. They fail to assess the decision-making capability of fund managers and neglect the qualitative parameters which are also of great importance.

 

Then how to select funds based on past performance to ensure market beating results for the coming year?

How ratings work….

A rating is a report card of a fund. It gives us an idea as to how a particular fund performed over a given timeframe against other funds in the same category or the benchmark index.

It certainly is a good starting point in the fund selection process. However it cannot be treated as the sole basis for selecting a scheme to invest in.
Ratings are based on past performance and there is no guarantee that this past performance will be repeated in the future.

There are several instances where funds with 1 or 2-star ratings have subsequently leaped to the 5-star category and vice-versa.

Some of the rating parameters that are quantitative in nature are based on the fund’s risk-adjusted return performance over various time periods. There are instances where funds which are highly volatile or risky could get an average rating even if they are yielding good returns.


What should your strategy be?

Apart from the most recent rating of a scheme you need to check the past ratings. A fund’s rating is not permanent in nature and can change.
If the rating of a fund in which you have invested falls below a certain level (say from 5-star to 3-star) you should keep the fund on your negative watch list. However you should wait for at least 2-3 quarters before redeeming from the fund.
In today's world one year has become ‘long term’! Hence investors are in the habit of regularly churning their investments to be in the latest 5-star fund. Rather than chasing top-performers, it is more important to look for consistent performers and avoid non-performers.

A major part of your portfolio needs to be in a few solid schemes with long and consistent track record. These schemes should form the core of your portfolio and should be in the ‘buy and forget’ mode.


Investors have the tendency of pouring money into the ‘5-star’ schemes. They are always on the look-out for the hot fund and in the process jump from one scheme to another that has recently moved from a 2 or 3-star to a 5-star category. After a few months this 5-star scheme becomes a 3-star and they exit at a loss to invest in the latest 5-star scheme. Moving money always costs money.

How many schemes rated 5-star one year back have retained their rating today?

Very few! A classic example is the Sundaram Small & Midcap Fund. It was a 5-star rated fund for a long time and was the first choice of investors. This resulted in huge amount of money getting invested in the fund. That was the beginning of the downfall. The huge amount of inflows left the fund manager with very little opportunities in the midcap space and this hampered the performance.

The investors who jumped into the scheme attracted by the 5-star rating were a disillusioned lot. Then the money started moving out of the scheme due to gross under-performance. Well, it looks like a blessing in disguise. Performance slowly improved and today it is a 4-star fund.


Why do most advisors then recommend 5-star funds?

The problem is that most financial advisors also recommend the 5-star funds that are the flavour of the day. Reason? Well it is easy to sell a 5-star fund vis-à-vis a 3-star fund and nobody wants to walk the extra mile.

Why are you telling me to buy a 3-star fund? This is the normal retort from investors. Why should an advisor work hard on research and recommend a 3-star fund where he may face several objections with no extra incentive for the sale?


Are we suggesting that ratings are useless?

Not at all! Rating agencies provide a valuable service to investors and keep the fund managers on their toes with constant scrutiny. However while ratings are important they can be deceiving. We are just suggesting that ratings can only be a starting point in the decision making process and should not be used as the basis for churning investments from one fund to another in the short term.

What are the pitfalls in ratings?

During a long term bull market the rating agencies as well as investors become complacent. Fund managers are tempted to enhance performance by risky momentum stock picks or by simply taking aggressive cash calls. Both these factors can lead to rogue trading or even outright fraud. The performance of JM Core 11 scheme as well as some other schemes of JM Mutual Fund in the recent past are classic such examples.

What should an investor do?

Investors should research a fund's past results. The investor needs to ask some questions to themselves or their advisors before investing or churning schemes. 

  • Did the fund manager deliver results that were consistent with general market returns?
  • Was the fund more volatile than its benchmark index (meaning did its returns vary dramatically throughout the year)?
  • Was there an unusually high turnover of stocks in the scheme?


This will help the investor understand how the fund performed under different conditions, as well as what historically has been the trend in terms of turnover and return.

Bottom Line….

Selecting a mutual fund may seem like a difficult task, but defining your objectives and risk tolerance is half the battle. If you follow this bit of due diligence before selecting a fund you will increase your chances of success. Question your advisor on the logic of suggesting 5-star funds and whether the suggested 5-star schemes would remain in the 4 or 5 star category one year down the line.

Sunday 22 July 2012

Salaried class gets relief from filing returns!


Are you a salaried person? Relax……..…….. You need not file IT return if your income is less than Rs. 5 lac in FY 2011-12……

As per notification number 9/2012 issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) Income Tax Return is not required to filed by salaried employees if their total Income is less than Rs.5,00,000/- after allowing all deductions, during the Financial Year 2011-2012 provided they satisfy certain conditions.




Who can Claim Exemption? 
1.   This exemption is available to an individual assesse only. The individual may be resident or not.
2.   The total income after deductions under sections 80C to 80U must be up to Rs. 5,00,000/-
3.   Income must be earned from Salary and/or Saving Bank Interest up to Rs.10,000/-. Pension is also covered under the head salary.
4.   The individual must have reported his/her PAN to the employer.
5.   The individual should have earned salary only from one employer during the year.
6.   The assesse should have reported his income from saving bank interest to his employer for TDS deduction purposes and the employer should have deducted the tax on the full income (salary plus interest from savings bank account) and the TDS should have been deposited into the Government Account by the employer.
7.   No income tax refund is due to the individual and he/she should have received the Form 16 from the employer clearly mentioning the PAN, Income detail and TDS details.

Who cannot claim exemption? 
  1. If your total taxable income after deduction u/s 80C to 80U is more than Rs. 5,00,000/-
  2. If income tax refund is due to you.
  3. If  your total income includes  any one of following: 
    1. Income from House property.
    2. Income from Business/profession
    3. Income from capital gain
    4. Income from Interest other than Interest from saving bank up to Rs.10,000/-. Suppose you have earned interest from FDR then you cannot claim exemption from return filing.
    5. Saving Bank interest is more than Rs.10,000/-.
    6. Any other Income under "Income from other source"
  1. If you have not disclosed your earnings from Saving Bank interest to your employer for tax deduction.
  2. If you have discharged your tax liability through advance tax or self-assessment challan.
  3. If you have received salary from more than one employer during the year.
  4. If you have not submitted your PAN to your employer.
  5. If Form 16 has not been issued to you by your employer.
  6. If notice u/s 142(1) or section 148 or section 153A or section 153C of the Income-tax Act has been issued to you.

Some clarifications…..

This exemption is optional

Even if you satisfy all the conditions given in the notification, you can choose to file your return.

Salary should be the only source of income

An employee will be required to declare his PAN to his employer and obtain a certificate of tax deductions in Form No 16. Further the individual should not have any income from sources other than his salary and interest on Savings Bank account (maximum Rs.10,000/-). So, if you have income from fixed deposits, mutual funds, shares, property etc. you will be required to file the returns.

Single employer

The income must accrue from a single employer. In case you have changed jobs or worked in two or more jobs during the year you will have to file the IT return even if your salary income is below Rs. 5 lac.

No interest income over Rs. 10,000/-

In case you have interest income of more than Rs. 10,000 from your savings bank account you cannot claim the exemption from filing returns. However, in case your interest income from savings bank account is less than Rs.10,000, you must declare it to your employer and have the tax deducted, so as to be eligible for the exemption.
You should keep in mind that the interest income limit of Rs. 10,000/- during the year is also restricted to saving bank interest only. If you have FDR Interest or other Interest income you cannot avail of this exemption.

Not applicable in case of refund claim

In case you want to claim a refund, you will have to file the return. The exemption will not be applicable in cases where notices are issued for filing the income tax returns under Section 142(1), Section 148, Section 153A or Section 153C of the Income Tax Act.

Not applicable in case of loss claim

In case you have incurred some losses or have carried forward losses of any prior year, you will be required to file returns before the due date. If you fail to do so you will forfeit the right to carry forward the losses.
The exemption is effectively for income up to Rs. 6,50,000/- in the FY 2011-2012

Let’s take an example:-

1.   Suppose you have income of Rs. 6.5 Lac
2.   Now you can invest up to Rs.1 Lac u/s 80C (EPF, PPF, Mutual funds, Insurance etc.)
3.   You can also invest Rs.20,000/- in infrastructure bonds u/s 80CCF
4.   Health insurance is also deductible from taxable income – Rs.15,000 for self and Rs.20,000 for parents under section 80D
5.   After taking the above into account, you are left with a taxable salary of Rs.4.95 Lac and there is no need for you to file return for taxable income below Rs.5 Lac

Friday 13 July 2012

Form 26 AS


Summer is gone. Guess what the next season is………..
The tax-return filing season!
That’s hotter than summer, right?

Before filing your return please check your Form 26AS. This is a consolidated statement and contains the following:
  1. Part A – Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) and deposited with the Income Tax Department on your behalf by the person from whom you have received the payment. It displays the name and TAN of the deductor, the section under which the payment has been made, the amount and date of payment.
  2. Part B – The tax collected at source (TCS) and deposited with the Income Tax Department on your behalf by the seller of specified goods at the time these goods have been sold to you. Details similar to those as in Part A is shown here as well.
  3. Part C – Other tax payments made by you (like Advance Tax, Self-Assessment Tax, Regular Assessment Tax etc.) and the details of the challan through which you have deposited the tax in the bank.
  4. Tax Refunds (if any) which shows the details of amount refunded and the assessment year for which the tax has been refunded.
  5. Annual Information Report (AIR) – Contains details of high value transactions done by you like details of transactions of Mutual Fund, Shares and Bonds.

Benefit of Form 26AS:
You must cross-check the Form 26AS before filing your Income Tax Return. This will help you to understand the following:
1.   Whether the TDS / TCS has been deposited into the government account.
2.   The bank has properly furnished the details of the tax deposited by you.
3.   You can also view the details of the Income Tax Refund paid during the financial year and can also verify the TDS certificates (form 16 & form 16A).

How to download Form 16AS online?
This can be downloaded from 3 different portals:
1. View Tax Credit from https://incometaxindiaefiling.gov.in
Taxpayers who are registered at the above portal can view Form 26AS by clicking on 'View Tax Credit Statement (From 26AS)' in "My Account". For new registration, click on 'Register' on the portal. The registration process is user-friendly and takes very little time.

2. View Tax Credit (Form 26AS) from bank site through net banking facility
The facility is available to a PAN holder having net banking account with any of the authorized banks (list given at the bottom).

3. View Tax Credit (Form 26AS) from TIN website
The facility is available to PANs that are registered with Tax Information Network for view of Form 26AS. The PAN holder has to fill up an online registration form for this. Thereafter, verification of PAN holder's identity is done by the TIN-Facilitation Centre personnel either at PAN holder's address or at the TIN-facilitation centre that has been chosen by the PAN holder. The verification involves a cost at prescribed rates. Once authorised, the PAN holder can view Tax Credit Statement online


The credits available in the tax statement confirm that:
a)    The tax deducted/collected by the deductor/collector has been deposited to the account of the government;
b)   The deductor/collector has accurately filed the TDS/TCS return giving details of the tax deducted/collected on your behalf;
c)    The bank has properly furnished the details of the tax deposited by you.
In future, you will be able to use this consolidated tax statement (Form 26AS) as a proof of tax deducted/collected on your behalf and the tax directly paid by you along with your income tax return. This is important especially since the need for submission of TDS/TCS certificates and tax payment challans along with income tax returns has been dispensed with by the Income Tax Department (ITD).
In addition to the above, you can view the details of tax refund received during the financial year and details of transaction of mutual Fund, shares and bonds (as reported by AIR filer). You can also verify the TDS certificate (Form 16A) issued by your deductor.
The accuracy of PAN-wise ledger account will depend on:
a)    Correct quoting of TAN by the deductor/collector.
b)   Correct and complete quoting of PAN of deductor/collector.
c)    Correct quoting of CIN (Challan Identification Number) where payment is made by challan.
‘No Transaction Present’ means there no transactions that have taken place either in Part A, B or C during the selected assessment year by you.
In this context, please note the following process for the posting of the date of booking against an entry in Form 26AS
a)    Deductor deposits challan for TDS/TCS deducted from you in bank.
b)   Bank issues counterfoil of challan mentioning Challan Identification Number popularly known as ‘CIN’.
c)    Bank uploads challan data to NSDL’s TIN Central System.
d)   Deductor files TDS/TCS return mentioning details of CIN.
e)    Once the return is uploaded, the challan details present in return are compared with challan details uploaded by bank.
f)     Whether these details are matched or Un-matched, entry for the same is displayed in Form 26AS against ‘F’, ‘U’ or ‘P’ status based on whether details are matched or unmatched. Please refer your Form 26AS to know more about F/U/P status.
The date when such matching takes place is recorded as ‘Date of Booking’ in Form 26AS in part A or part B (as the case may be).
In case this is on account of TDS/TCS credit, you may intimate the deductor/collector. In case this is on account of advance tax/self-assessment tax, you may intimate your assessing officer.
The address reflecting in Annual Tax Statement (Form 26AS) is picked up from the details present in ITD’s PAN Database with the details of latest PAN card issued.
The address mentioned in the Form 26AS is picked up from the details present in ITD’s PAN Database with the details of latest PAN card issued.
You can update/change your address details (as the case may be) by making an application using the 'Request for new PAN card or/and changes or correction in PAN data'. This request can be made either online or through the existing network of TIN-FCs. Details are available at www.tin-nsdl.com
Details of TDS/TCS is displayed in Form 26AS on the basis of quarterly TDS/TCS statement furnished by deductor/collector. On processing the quarterly TDS/TCS statement, PAN ledger (Form 26AS) is generated for each deductee which are reported with valid PAN.
Banks upload challan details to TIN on a T+3 basis after the realization of the tax payment cheques. On the day after the bank uploads the details of self-assessment/advance tax to TIN, it will post these details into your Form 26AS.
The details are posted on the day of upload of details of tax refund by State Bank of India. This is a daily activity.
Form 26AS gets updated one day after upload of Annual Information Return (AIR) in the TIN central system. This is a daily activity.
If there is any error in the TDS/TCS returns or in the challan details uploaded by the bank and the same has been rectified, the original credit entry will be reversed by way of a debit entry in Form 26AS and a new credit entry (if applicable) will be posted.
You can contact TIN Call Centre, National Securities Depository Limited, 3rd Floor, Sapphire Chambers, Near Baner Telephone Exchange, Baner, Pune – 411 045. Tel: 020 – 2721 8080. Fax: 020 – 2721 8081. Email: reply@nsdl.co.in
You have to mention the following details in the correspondence:-
  1. PAN of Deductee
  2. Name of Deductor
  3. TAN of Deductor 
  4. Query (In detail)
  5. Assessment Year for which query raised
  6. Your present address and contact details.

Which are the banks registered with NSDL for providing view of Tax Credit Statement (Form 26AS)?
The list of banks is given below.
      1. Allahabad Bank
      2. Andhra Bank
      3. Axis Bank Limited
      4. Bank of Baroda
      5. Bank of India
      6. Bank of Maharashtra
      7. Canara Bank
      8. Central Bank of India
      9. Citibank N.A.
      10. City Union Bank Limited
      11. Corporation Bank
      12. HDFC Bank Limited
      13. ICICI Bank Limited
      14. IDBI Bank Limited
      15. Indian Overseas Bank
      16. Indian Bank
      17. Karnataka Bank Limited
      18. Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited
      19. Oriental Bank of Commerce
      20. State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
      21. State Bank of Hyderabad
      22. State Bank of India
      23. State Bank of Mysore
      24. State Bank of Patiala
      25. State Bank of Travancore
      26. Syndicate Bank
      27. The Federal Bank Limited
      28. The Karur Vysya Bank Limited
      29. The Saraswat Co-operative Bank Limited
      30. UCO Bank
      31. Union Bank of India